CentOS 7上搭建安全、容灾、高可用的etcd集群

【编者的话】etcd 是 CoreOS 团队发起的开源项目，基于 Go 语言实现，做为一个分布式键值对存储，通过分布式锁，leader选举和写屏障(write barriers)来实现可靠的分布式协作。

本文目标是部署一个基于TLS（Self-signed certificates）的安全、快速灾难恢复（Disaster Recovery, SNAPSHOT）的高可用（High Availability）的etcd集群。

准备工作

版本信息：

  • OS: CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)
  • etcd Version: 3.2.4
  • Git SHA: c31bec0
  • Go Version: go1.8.3
  • Go OS/Arch: linux/amd64

机器配置信息

CoreOS官方推荐集群规模5个为宜，为了简化本文仅以3个节点为例：

NAME       ADDRESS             HOSTNAME                    CONFIGURATION
infra0  192.168.16.227  bjo-ep-kub-01.dev.fwmrm.net  8cpus, 16GB内存, 500GB磁盘
infra1  192.168.16.228  bjo-ep-kub-02.dev.fwmrm.net  8cpus, 16GB内存, 500GB磁盘
infra2  192.168.16.229  bjo-ep-kub-03.dev.fwmrm.net  8cpus, 16GB内存, 500GB磁盘

官方建议配置

硬件            通常场景                    重负载
CPU           2-4 cores                 8-18 cores 
Memory        8GB                       16GB-64GB
Disk          50 sequential IOPS        500 sequential IOPS
Network       1GbE                      10GbE

注：重负载情况以CPU为例，每秒处理数以千计的client端请求。AWS、GCE推荐配置请参考：Example hardware configurations on AWS and GCE

搭建etcd集群

搭建etcd集群有3种方式，分别为Static, etcd Discovery, DNS Discovery。Discovery请参见官网https://coreos.com/etcd/docs/l … .html，在此不再敖述。本文仅以Static方式展示一次集群搭建过程。
每个node的etcd配置分别如下：

$ /export/etcd/etcd --name infra0 --initial-advertise-peer-urls http://192.168.16.227:2380 \
--listen-peer-urls http://192.168.16.227:2380 \
--listen-client-urls http://192.168.16.227:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls http://192.168.16.227:2379 \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 \
--initial-cluster infra0=http://192.168.16.227:2380,infra1=http://192.168.16.228:2380,infra2=http://192.168.16.229:2380 \
--initial-cluster-state new

$ /export/etcd/etcd --name infra1 --initial-advertise-peer-urls http://192.168.16.228:2380 \
--listen-peer-urls http://192.168.16.228:2380 \
--listen-client-urls http://192.168.16.228:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls http://192.168.16.228:2379 \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 \
--initial-cluster infra0=http://192.168.16.227:2380,infra1=http://192.168.16.228:2380,infra2=http://192.168.16.229:2380 \
--initial-cluster-state new

$ /export/etcd/etcd --name infra2 --initial-advertise-peer-urls http://192.168.16.229:2380 \
--listen-peer-urls http://192.168.16.229:2380 \
--listen-client-urls http://192.168.16.229:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls http://192.168.16.229:2379 \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 \
--initial-cluster infra0=http://192.168.16.227:2380,infra1=http://192.168.16.228:2380,infra2=http://192.168.16.229:2380 \
--initial-cluster-state new

TLS

etcd支持通过TLS加密通信，TLS channels可被用于集群peer间通信加密，以及client端traffic加密。Self-signed certificates与Automatic certificates两种安全认证形式，其中Self-signed certificates:自签名证书既可以加密traffic也可以授权其连接。本文以Self-signed certificates为例，使用Cloudflare的cfssl很容易生成集群所需证书。
首先，安装go以及设置环境变量GOPATH

$ cd /export
$ wget https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.8.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf go1.8.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz

$ sudo vim ~/.profile
$ export GOPATH=/export/go_path
$ export GOROOT=/export/go/
$ export CFSSL=/export/go_path/
$ export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin:$CFSSL/bin

$ source ~/.profile

下载并build CFSSL工具, 安装路径为$GOPATH/bin/cfssl, eg. cfssl, cfssljson会被安装到/export/go_path目录。

$ go get -u github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/cmd/cfssl
$ go get -u github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/cmd/cfssljson

初始化certificate authority

$ mkdir ~/cfssl
$ cd ~/cfssl
$ cfssl print-defaults config > ca-config.json
$ cfssl print-defaults csr > ca-csr.json

配置CA选项， ca-config.json文件内容如下

{
"signing": {
    "default": {
        "expiry": "43800h"
    },
    "profiles": {
        "server": {
            "expiry": "43800h",
            "usages": [
                "signing",
                "key encipherment",
                "server auth"
            ]
        },
        "client": {
            "expiry": "43800h",
            "usages": [
                "signing",
                "key encipherment",
                "client auth"
            ]
        },
        "peer": {
            "expiry": "43800h",
            "usages": [
                "signing",
                "key encipherment",
                "server auth",
                "client auth"
            ]
        }
    }
}

ca-csr.json Certificate Signing Request (CSR)文件内容如下

{
"CN": "My own CA",
"key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
},
"names": [
    {
        "C": "US",
        "L": "CA",
        "O": "My Company Name",
        "ST": "San Francisco",
        "OU": "Org Unit 1",
        "OU": "Org Unit 2"
    }
]

用已定义的选项生成CA：cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca –

$ cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
2017/08/02 00:56:03 [INFO] generating a new CA key and certificate from CSR
2017/08/02 00:56:03 [INFO] generate received request
2017/08/02 00:56:03 [INFO] received CSR
2017/08/02 00:56:03 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2017/08/02 00:56:04 [INFO] encoded CSR
2017/08/02 00:56:04 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 81101109133309828380726760425799837279517519090

会在当前目录下生成如下文件

ca-key.pem
ca.csr
ca.pem

注：保存好ca-key.pem文件。

生成server端证书：

$ cfssl print-defaults csr > server.json

server.json内容如下：

{
"CN": "server",
"hosts": [
    "127.0.0.1",
    "192.168.16.227",
    "192.168.16.228",
    "192.168.16.229",
    "bjo-ep-kub-01.dev.fwmrm.net",
    "bjo-ep-kub-02.dev.fwmrm.net",
    "bjo-ep-kub-03.dev.fwmrm.net"
],
"key": {
    "algo": "ecdsa",
    "size": 256
},
"names": [
    {
        "C": "US",
        "L": "CA",
        "ST": "San Francisco"
    }
]

}

接下来生成server端证书以及private key

$ cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=server server.json | cfssljson -bare server

$ cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=server server.json | cfssljson -bare server
2017/08/02 00:57:12 [INFO] generate received request
2017/08/02 00:57:12 [INFO] received CSR
2017/08/02 00:57:12 [INFO] generating key: ecdsa-256
2017/08/02 00:57:12 [INFO] encoded CSR
2017/08/02 00:57:12 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 138149747694684969550285630966539823697635905885

将会生成如下文件：

server-key.pem
server.csr
server.pem

生成peer certificate

$ cfssl print-defaults csr > member1.json

替换 CN和hosts值，如下：

{
"CN": "member1",
"hosts": [
    "127.0.0.1",
    "192.168.16.227",
    "192.168.16.228",
    "192.168.16.229",
    "bjo-ep-kub-01.dev.fwmrm.net",
    "bjo-ep-kub-02.dev.fwmrm.net",
    "bjo-ep-kub-03.dev.fwmrm.net"
],
"key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
},
"names": [
    {
        "C": "US",
        "ST": "CA",
        "L": "San Francisco"
    }
]

}

生成 member1 certificate与private key

$ cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=peer member1.json | cfssljson -bare member1

$ cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=peer member1.json | cfssljson -bare member1
2017/08/02 00:59:12 [INFO] generate received request
2017/08/02 00:59:12 [INFO] received CSR
2017/08/02 00:59:12 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2017/08/02 00:59:13 [INFO] encoded CSR
2017/08/02 00:59:13 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 222573666682951886940627822839805508037201209158

得到如下文件：

member1-key.pem
member1.csr
member1.pem

在集群其他节点上重复如上步骤。

生成 client certificate

$ cfssl print-defaults csr > client.json

client.json内容如下：

{
"CN": "client",
"hosts": [
    "127.0.0.1",
    "192.168.16.227",
    "192.168.16.228",
    "192.168.16.229"
],
"key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
},
"names": [
    {
        "C": "US",
        "ST": "CA",
        "L": "San Francisco"
    }
]

}

生成client certificate

$ cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=client client.json | cfssljson -bare client

将会得到如下文件

client-key.pem
client.csr
client.pem

拷贝节点1生成的证书到全部节点，并将证书全部置于/etc/ssl/etcd/目录, 至此TLS证书全部生成完成。

测试TLS

示例1： 客户端到服务器采用HTTPS客户端证书授权

启动etcd服务：

$ /export/etcd/etcd -name infra0 --data-dir infra0 \
--client-cert-auth --trusted-ca-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem --cert-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/server.pem --key-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/server-key.pem \  
--advertise-client-urls=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --listen-client-urls=https://127.0.0.1:2379

插入数据：

$ curl --cacert /etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem --cert /etc/ssl/etcd/client.pem --key /etc/ssl/etcd/client-key.pem -L https://127.0.0.1:2379/v2/keys/foo -XPUT -d value=bar -v

读取数据成功

$ curl --cacert /etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem --cert /etc/ssl/etcd/client.pem --key /etc/ssl/etcd/client-key.pem -L https://127.0.0.1:2379/v2/keys/foo
{"action":"get","node":{"key":"/foo","value":"bar","modifiedIndex":12,"createdIndex":12

示例2：Using self-signed certificates both encrypts traffic and authenticates its connections

各节点的etcd配置分别如下

$ /export/etcd/etcd \
--name infra0 \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.16.227:2380 \
--listen-peer-urls https://192.168.16.227:2380 \
--listen-client-urls https://192.168.16.227:2379,https://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls https://192.168.16.227:2379 \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 \
--initial-cluster infra0=https://192.168.16.227:2380,infra1=https://192.168.16.228:2380,infra2=https://192.168.16.229:2380 \
--initial-cluster-state new \
--client-cert-auth --trusted-ca-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/server.pem --key-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/server-key.pem \
--peer-client-cert-auth --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/member1.pem --peer-key-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/member1-key.pem

$ /export/etcd/etcd \
--name infra1 \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.16.228:2380 \
--listen-peer-urls https://192.168.16.228:2380 \
--listen-client-urls https://192.168.16.228:2379,https://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls https://192.168.16.228:2379 \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 \
--initial-cluster infra0=https://192.168.16.227:2380,infra1=https://192.168.16.228:2380,infra2=https://192.168.16.229:2380 \
--initial-cluster-state new \
--client-cert-auth --trusted-ca-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/server.pem --key-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/server-key.pem \
--peer-client-cert-auth --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/member2.pem --peer-key-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/member2-key.pem

$ /export/etcd/etcd \
--name infra2 \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.16.229:2380 \
--listen-peer-urls https://192.168.16.229:2380 \
--listen-client-urls https://192.168.16.229:2379,https://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls https://192.168.16.229:2379 \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 \
--initial-cluster infra0=https://192.168.16.227:2380,infra1=https://192.168.16.228:2380,infra2=https://192.168.16.229:2380 \
--initial-cluster-state new \
--client-cert-auth --trusted-ca-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/server.pem --key-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/server-key.pem \
--peer-client-cert-auth --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/member3.pem --peer-key-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/member3-key.pem

准备测试数据：

$ curl --cacert /etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem --cert /etc/ssl/etcd/client.pem --key /etc/ssl/etcd/client-key.pem -L https://127.0.0.1:2379/v2/keys/fristname -XPUT -d value=Xia -v

$ ETCDCTL_API=3 /export/etcd/etcdctl --cacert /etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem --cert /etc/ssl/etcd/client.pem --key /etc/ssl/etcd/client-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.16.227:2379,https://192.168.16.228:2379,https://192.168.16.229:2379 put lasttname 'Zhang'

验证测试结果：

$ curl --cacert /etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem --cert /etc/ssl/etcd/client.pem --key /etc/ssl/etcd/client-key.pem -L https://127.0.0.1:2379/v2/keys/
{"action":"get","node":{"dir":true,"nodes":[{"key":"/foo","value":"bar","modifiedIndex":19,"createdIndex":19},{"key":"/fristname","value":"Xia","modifiedIndex":20,"createdIndex":20},{"key":"/lasttname","value":"Zhang","modifiedIndex":21,"createdIndex":21}]

etcd Troubleshooting

etcd failure主要分为如下5种情况：

  1. 少数followers failure
  2. Leader failure
  3. 多数failure
  4. Network partition
  5. 启动时失败

接下来主要对上面情况3进行处理，也就是平时常说的Disaster Recovery

灾备恢复（Disaster Recovery）

以etcd v3 provides snapshot 方式为例说明etcd一次灾难恢复过程。
首先，etcd正常工作时利用etcdctl snapshot save命令或拷贝etcd目录中的member/snap/db文件，以前者为例：

$ ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl --endpoints $ENDPOINT snapshot save snapshot.db}}
如果enable TLS，需要如下命令：
{{{$ ETCDCTL_API=3 /export/etcd/etcdctl --endpoints=https://192.168.16.227:2379,https://192.168.16.228:2379,https://192.168.16.228:2379 snapshot save snapshot.db --cacert=/etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem --cert=/etc/ssl/etcd/client.pem --key=/etc/ssl/etcd/client-key.pem

Snapshot saved at snapshot.db

将生成snapshot拷贝到集群其他2个节点上，所有节点灾备的恢复都用同一个snapshot。

插入部分数据用于测试灾备：

$ curl --cacert /etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem --cert /etc/ssl/etcd/client.pem --key /etc/ssl/etcd/client-key.pem -L https://127.0.0.1:2379/v2/keys/fristname -XPUT -d value=Xia -v

$ ETCDCTL_API=3 /export/etcd/etcdctl --cacert /etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem --cert /etc/ssl/etcd/client.pem --key /etc/ssl/etcd/client-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.16.227:2379,https://192.168.16.228:2379,https://192.168.16.229:2379 put lasttname 'Zhang'

测试数据已插入成功：

$ ETCDCTL_API=3 /export/etcd/etcdctl --cacert /etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem --cert /etc/ssl/etcd/client.pem --key /etc/ssl/etcd/client-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.16.227:2379,https://192.168.16.228:2379,https://192.168.16.229:2379  get  firstname

$ curl --cacert /etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem --cert /etc/ssl/etcd/client.pem --key /etc/ssl/etcd/client-key.pem -L https://127.0.0.1:2379/v2/keys/
{"action":"get","node":{"dir":true,"nodes":[{"key":"/foo","value":"bar","modifiedIndex":19,"createdIndex":19},{"key":"/fristname","value":"Xia","modifiedIndex":20,"createdIndex":20},{"key":"/lasttname","value":"Zhang","modifiedIndex":21,"createdIndex":21}]

停止3个机器的etcd服务，并删除全部节点上etcd数据目录 。
恢复数据，以TLS enable为例，分别在3个节点执行如下命令进行恢复：

$ ETCDCTL_API=3 /export/etcd/etcdctl snapshot restore snapshot.db \
--name infra0 \
--initial-cluster infra0=https://192.168.16.227:2380,infra1=https://192.168.16.228:2380,infra2=https://192.168.16.229:2380 \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.16.227:2380 \
--cacert /etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem \
--cert /etc/ssl/etcd/client.pem \
--key /etc/ssl/etcd/client-key.pem

$ ETCDCTL_API=3 /export/etcd/etcdctl snapshot restore snapshot.db \
--name infra1 \
--initial-cluster infra0=https://192.168.16.227:2380,infra1=https://192.168.16.228:2380,infra2=https://192.168.16.229:2380 \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.16.228:2380 \
--cacert /etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem \
--cert /etc/ssl/etcd/client.pem \
--key /etc/ssl/etcd/client-key.pem

$ ETCDCTL_API=3 /export/etcd/etcdctl snapshot restore snapshot.db \
--name infra2 \
--initial-cluster infra0=https://192.168.16.227:2380,infra1=https://192.168.16.228:2380,infra2=https://192.168.16.229:2380 \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.16.229:2380 \
--cacert /etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem \
--cert /etc/ssl/etcd/client.pem \
--key /etc/ssl/etcd/client-key.pem

恢复数据log示例：

$ ETCDCTL_API=3 /export/etcd/etcdctl snapshot restore snapshot.db   --name infra0   --initial-cluster infra0=https://192.168.16.227:2380,infra1=https://192.168.16.228:2380,infra2=https://192.168.16.229:2380   --initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1   --initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.16.227:2380   --cacert /etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem   --cert /etc/ssl/etcd/client.pem   --key /etc/ssl/etcd/client-key.pem
2017-08-06 04:09:12.853510 I | etcdserver/membership: added member 3e5097be4ea17ebe [https://192.168.16.229:2380] to cluster cabc8098aa3afc98
2017-08-06 04:09:12.853567 I | etcdserver/membership: added member 67d47e92a1704b1a [https://192.168.16.227:2380] to cluster cabc8098aa3afc98
2017-08-06 04:09:12.853583 I | etcdserver/membership: added member b4725a5341abf1a0 [https://192.168.16.228:2380] to cluster cabc8098aa3afc98

接下来，在3个节点上分别执行：

$ /export/etcd/etcd \
--name infra0 \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.16.227:2380 \
--listen-peer-urls https://192.168.16.227:2380 \
--listen-client-urls https://192.168.16.227:2379,https://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls https://192.168.16.227:2379 \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 \
--initial-cluster infra0=https://192.168.16.227:2380,infra1=https://192.168.16.228:2380,infra2=https://192.168.16.229:2380 \
--initial-cluster-state new \
--client-cert-auth --trusted-ca-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/server.pem --key-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/server-key.pem \
--peer-client-cert-auth --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/member1.pem --peer-key-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/member1-key.pem

$ /export/etcd/etcd \
--name infra1 \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.16.228:2380 \
--listen-peer-urls https://192.168.16.228:2380 \
--listen-client-urls https://192.168.16.228:2379,https://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls https://192.168.16.228:2379 \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 \
--initial-cluster infra0=https://192.168.16.227:2380,infra1=https://192.168.16.228:2380,infra2=https://192.168.16.229:2380 \
--initial-cluster-state new \
--client-cert-auth --trusted-ca-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/server.pem --key-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/server-key.pem \
--peer-client-cert-auth --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/member2.pem --peer-key-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/member2-key.pem

$ /export/etcd/etcd \
--name infra2 \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls https://192.168.16.229:2380 \
--listen-peer-urls https://192.168.16.229:2380 \
--listen-client-urls https://192.168.16.229:2379,https://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls https://192.168.16.229:2379 \
--initial-cluster-token etcd-cluster-1 \
--initial-cluster infra0=https://192.168.16.227:2380,infra1=https://192.168.16.228:2380,infra2=https://192.168.16.229:2380 \
--initial-cluster-state new \
--client-cert-auth --trusted-ca-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/server.pem --key-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/server-key.pem \
--peer-client-cert-auth --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/member3.pem --peer-key-file=/etc/ssl/etcd/member3-key.pem

验证灾备恢复效果，原集群数据是否保存：

$ ETCDCTL_API=3 /export/etcd/etcdctl --cacert /etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem --cert /etc/ssl/etcd/client.pem --key /etc/ssl/etcd/client-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.16.227:2379,https://192.168.16.228:2379,https://192.168.16.229:2379 get lasttname
lasttname
Zhang

$ ETCDCTL_API=3 /export/etcd/etcdctl --cacert /etc/ssl/etcd/ca.pem --cert /etc/ssl/etcd/client.pem --key /etc/ssl/etcd/client-key.pem --endpoints=https://192.168.16.227:2379,https://192.168.16.228:2379,https://192.168.16.229:2379 get firstname
firstname
Xia

从上面结果可以看出，灾备恢复成功。

etcd系统限制

  1. 请求大小限制：当前支持 RPC requests 1MB 数据，未来会有所增加或可配置
  2. 存储大小限制：默认 2GB存储，可配置 –quota-backend-bytes扩展到8GB

监控

etcd提供基于Prometheus + builtin Grafana的etcd Metrics监控方案和监控项，具体请参见
etcd Metrics: https://coreos.com/etcd/docs/latest/metrics.html
Prometheus + builtin Grafana: https://coreos.com/etcd/docs/latest/op-guide/monitoring.html

标签：集群、Centos 发布于：2019-11-14 03:14:51
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