ansible笔记(22):循环(四)

话接前文,我们继续来聊聊关于循环的关键字。

今天聊聊 “with_indexed_items”的用法,顾名思义,”with_indexed_items”应该与”索引”有关,没错,”with_indexed_items”的作用就是在循环处理列表时为列表中的每一项添加”数字索引”,”索引”从0开始,这样说可能不够直观,我们来看一个小示例,示例playbook如下:

---
- hosts: test70
  remote_user: root
  gather_facts: no
  tasks:
  - debug:
      msg: "{{ item }}"
    with_indexed_items:
    - test1
    - test2
    - test3

上例中我们定义了一个列表,列表中有3个值,test1、test2、test3,我们使用”with_indexed_items”关键字处理这个列表,然后使用debug模块输出了item的信息,那么上例playbook执行后输出的信息如下:

TASK [debug] **********************************
ok: [test70] => (item=(0, u'test1')) => {
    "changed": false,
    "item": [
        0,
        "test1"
    ],
    "msg": [
        0,
        "test1"
    ]
}
ok: [test70] => (item=(1, u'test2')) => {
    "changed": false,
    "item": [
        1,
        "test2"
    ],
    "msg": [
        1,
        "test2"
    ]
}
ok: [test70] => (item=(2, u'test3')) => {
    "changed": false,
    "item": [
        2,
        "test3"
    ],
    "msg": [
        2,
        "test3"
    ]
}

从上述输出信息的msg中可以看到,”with_indexed_items”在处理列表中的每一项时,按照顺序为每一项添加了编号,test1对应的索引编号是0,test2的编号是1,test3的编号是2,”with_indexed_items”将添加过编号的每一项放入到了item中,所以,我们可以在处理每一项的时候同时获取到对应的编号,playbook如下

---
- hosts: test70
  remote_user: root
  gather_facts: no
  tasks:
  - debug:
      msg: "index is : {{ item.0 }} , value is {{ item.1 }}"
    with_indexed_items:
    - test1
    - test2
    - test3

上例中,我们已经能够通过”with_indexed_items”获取到列表中每个项的值以及对应的编号,但是,上述两个示例都是简单的单层列表,如果遇到像前文中出现的多层嵌套列表,”with_indexed_items”会怎样处理呢?我们来试试,示例playbook如下:

---
- hosts: test70
  remote_user: root
  gather_facts: no
  tasks:
  - debug:
      msg: "index is : {{ item.0 }} , value is {{ item.1 }}"
    with_indexed_items:
    - [ test1, test2 ]
    - [ test3, test4, test5 ]
    - [ test6, test7 ]

如上例所示,我们定义了一个嵌套的列表,列表中的每一项又是一个小列表,我们使用”with_indexed_items”处理这个列表,上例执行后,输出如下

TASK [debug] *****************************
ok: [test70] => (item=(0, u'test1')) => {
    "changed": false,
    "item": [
        0,
        "test1"
    ],
    "msg": "index is : 0 , value is test1"
}
ok: [test70] => (item=(1, u'test2')) => {
    "changed": false,
    "item": [
        1,
        "test2"
    ],
    "msg": "index is : 1 , value is test2"
}
ok: [test70] => (item=(2, u'test3')) => {
    "changed": false,
    "item": [
        2,
        "test3"
    ],
    "msg": "index is : 2 , value is test3"
}
ok: [test70] => (item=(3, u'test4')) => {
    "changed": false,
    "item": [
        3,
        "test4"
    ],
    "msg": "index is : 3 , value is test4"
}
ok: [test70] => (item=(4, u'test5')) => {
    "changed": false,
    "item": [
        4,
        "test5"
    ],
    "msg": "index is : 4 , value is test5"
}
ok: [test70] => (item=(5, u'test6')) => {
    "changed": false,
    "item": [
        5,
        "test6"
    ],
    "msg": "index is : 5 , value is test6"
}
ok: [test70] => (item=(6, u'test7')) => {
    "changed": false,
    "item": [
        6,
        "test7"
    ],
    "msg": "index is : 6 , value is test7"
}

你目光如炬,一定发现了,当我们定义了两层的嵌套列表时,”with_indexed_items”会将嵌套的两层列表”拉平”,”拉平”后按照顺序为每一项编号,”拉平”效果跟之前总结的”with_flattened”效果类似(如果忘了怎样使用”with_flattened”请回顾前文),但是,当处理这种嵌套的多层列表时,”with_indexed_items”的拉平效果与”with_flattened”的完全一致么,我们再来实验一下,我们把上例的嵌套列表改的更加复杂一些,再多嵌套一层,示例playbook如下

---
- hosts: test70
  remote_user: root
  gather_facts: no
  tasks:
  - debug:
      msg: "{{ item }}"
    with_indexed_items:
    - [ test1, test2 ]
    - [ test3, [ test4, test5 ] ]
    - [ test6 ]

如上例所示,我们又在之前示例的基础上,多嵌套了一层列表,那么执行上例playbook,输出信息如下

TASK [debug] ********************************
ok: [test70] => (item=(0, u'test1')) => {
    "changed": false,
    "item": [
        0,
        "test1"
    ],
    "msg": [
        0,
        "test1"
    ]
}
ok: [test70] => (item=(1, u'test2')) => {
    "changed": false,
    "item": [
        1,
        "test2"
    ],
    "msg": [
        1,
        "test2"
    ]
}
ok: [test70] => (item=(2, u'test3')) => {
    "changed": false,
    "item": [
        2,
        "test3"
    ],
    "msg": [
        2,
        "test3"
    ]
}
ok: [test70] => (item=(3, [u'test4', u'test5'])) => {
    "changed": false,
    "item": [
        3,
        [
            "test4",
            "test5"
        ]
    ],
    "msg": [
        3,
        [
            "test4",
            "test5"
        ]
    ]
}
ok: [test70] => (item=(4, u'test6')) => {
    "changed": false,
    "item": [
        4,
        "test6"
    ],
    "msg": [
        4,
        "test6"
    ]
}

你肯定看出了问题所在,没错,当多加了一层嵌套以后,”with_indexed_items”并不能像”with_flattened”一样将嵌套的列表”完全拉平”,第二层列表中的项如果仍然是一个列表,”with_indexed_items”则不会拉平这个列表,而是将其当做一个整体进行编号。

关于”with_indexed_items”的使用就总结到这里,希望能够对你有所帮助。

标签:Ansible 发布于:2019-10-22 04:10:25