自从 CentOS 7 开始，自带的数据库就变成 MariaDB 了，yum 安装之后的默认版本是 5.5，但是这个数据版本已经比较老了，无论是安装全新的 Percona 还是升级 MariaDB 第一步始终是不要忘记备份。
重要的事情说三遍，备份，备份，备份
# 备份数据库，如果升级顺利是不要实施备份还原的
mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases > alldb.sql
# 如果想保留自己的 my.cof 配置，则备份一下这个文件
cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
# 停止数据库运行
systemctl stop mariadb
# 卸载 MariaDB 老版本
yum remove mariadb mariadb-server
建议使用 MariaDB 官方推荐的 stable 稳定版，
https://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/http://yum.mariadb.org/
# 添加 MariaDB 官方源
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo
# MariaDB 10.3 CentOS repository list
# http://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.3/centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
# 清除 yum 缓存
yum clean all
yum makecache
# 安装 MariaDB 新版本
yum install mariadb mariadb-server
# 启动新版 MariaDB
systemctl start mariadb
# 升级已有数据库
mysql_upgrade -uroot -p
[root@sg-gop-10-71-12-89 tmp]# mysql_upgrade -uroot -p
Enter password:
Phase 1/7: Checking and upgrading mysql database
Processing databases
mysql
mysql.columns_priv OK
mysql.db OK
mysql.event OK
mysql.func OK
mysql.help_category OK
mysql.help_keyword OK
mysql.help_relation OK
mysql.help_topic OK
mysql.host OK
mysql.ndb_binlog_index OK
mysql.plugin OK
mysql.proc OK
mysql.procs_priv OK
mysql.proxies_priv OK
mysql.servers OK
mysql.tables_priv OK
mysql.time_zone OK
mysql.time_zone_leap_second OK
mysql.time_zone_name OK
mysql.time_zone_transition OK
mysql.time_zone_transition_type OK
mysql.user OK
Upgrading from a version before MariaDB-10.1
Phase 2/7: Installing used storage engines
Checking for tables with unknown storage engine
Phase 3/7: Fixing views
Phase 4/7: Running 'mysql_fix_privilege_tables'
Phase 5/7: Fixing table and database names
Phase 6/7: Checking and upgrading tables
Processing databases
information_schema
performance_schema
zabbix
zabbix.acknowledges OK
zabbix.actions OK
zabbix.alerts OK
zabbix.application_discovery OK
zabbix.application_prototype OK
zabbix.application_template OK
zabbix.applications OK
zabbix.auditlog OK
zabbix.auditlog_details OK
zabbix.autoreg_host OK
zabbix.conditions OK
zabbix.config OK
zabbix.corr_condition OK
zabbix.corr_condition_group OK
zabbix.corr_condition_tag OK
zabbix.corr_condition_tagpair OK
zabbix.corr_condition_tagvalue OK
zabbix.corr_operation OK
zabbix.correlation OK
zabbix.dashboard OK
zabbix.dashboard_user OK
zabbix.dashboard_usrgrp OK
zabbix.dbversion OK
zabbix.dchecks OK
zabbix.dhosts OK
zabbix.drules OK
zabbix.dservices OK
zabbix.escalations OK
zabbix.event_recovery OK
zabbix.event_suppress OK
zabbix.event_tag OK
zabbix.events OK
zabbix.expressions OK
zabbix.functions OK
zabbix.globalmacro OK
zabbix.globalvars OK
zabbix.graph_discovery OK
zabbix.graph_theme OK
zabbix.graphs OK
zabbix.graphs_items OK
zabbix.group_discovery OK
zabbix.group_prototype OK
zabbix.history OK
zabbix.history_log OK
zabbix.history_str OK
zabbix.history_text OK
zabbix.history_uint OK
zabbix.host_discovery OK
zabbix.host_inventory OK
zabbix.hostmacro OK
zabbix.hosts OK
zabbix.hosts_groups OK
zabbix.hosts_templates OK
zabbix.housekeeper OK
zabbix.hstgrp OK
zabbix.httpstep OK
zabbix.httpstep_field OK
zabbix.httpstepitem OK
zabbix.httptest OK
zabbix.httptest_field OK
zabbix.httptestitem OK
zabbix.icon_map OK
zabbix.icon_mapping OK
zabbix.ids OK
zabbix.images OK
zabbix.interface OK
zabbix.interface_discovery OK
zabbix.item_application_prototype OK
zabbix.item_condition OK
zabbix.item_discovery OK
zabbix.item_preproc OK
zabbix.items OK
zabbix.items_applications OK
zabbix.maintenance_tag OK
zabbix.maintenances OK
zabbix.maintenances_groups OK
zabbix.maintenances_hosts OK
zabbix.maintenances_windows OK
zabbix.mappings OK
zabbix.media OK
zabbix.media_type OK
zabbix.opcommand OK
zabbix.opcommand_grp OK
zabbix.opcommand_hst OK
zabbix.opconditions OK
zabbix.operations OK
zabbix.opgroup OK
zabbix.opinventory OK
zabbix.opmessage OK
zabbix.opmessage_grp OK
zabbix.opmessage_usr OK
zabbix.optemplate OK
zabbix.problem OK
zabbix.problem_tag OK
zabbix.profiles OK
zabbix.proxy_autoreg_host OK
zabbix.proxy_dhistory OK
zabbix.proxy_history OK
zabbix.regexps OK
zabbix.rights OK
zabbix.screen_user OK
zabbix.screen_usrgrp OK
zabbix.screens OK
zabbix.screens_items OK
zabbix.scripts OK
zabbix.service_alarms OK
zabbix.services OK
zabbix.services_links OK
zabbix.services_times OK
zabbix.sessions OK
zabbix.slides OK
zabbix.slideshow_user OK
zabbix.slideshow_usrgrp OK
zabbix.slideshows OK
zabbix.sysmap_element_trigger OK
zabbix.sysmap_element_url OK
zabbix.sysmap_shape OK
zabbix.sysmap_url OK
zabbix.sysmap_user OK
zabbix.sysmap_usrgrp OK
zabbix.sysmaps OK
zabbix.sysmaps_elements OK
zabbix.sysmaps_link_triggers OK
zabbix.sysmaps_links OK
zabbix.tag_filter OK
zabbix.task OK
zabbix.task_acknowledge OK
zabbix.task_check_now OK
zabbix.task_close_problem OK
zabbix.task_remote_command OK
zabbix.task_remote_command_result OK
zabbix.timeperiods OK
zabbix.trends OK
zabbix.trends_uint OK
zabbix.trigger_depends OK
zabbix.trigger_discovery OK
zabbix.trigger_tag OK
zabbix.triggers OK
zabbix.users OK
zabbix.users_groups OK
zabbix.usrgrp OK
zabbix.valuemaps OK
zabbix.widget OK
zabbix.widget_field OK
Phase 7/7: Running 'FLUSH PRIVILEGES'
OK
# 配置服务自启动
systemctl enable mariadb
# 登录数据库验证
mysql -uroot -p
# 升级过程遇到错误记得先查看日志分析
Upgrading from MariaDB 5.5 to MariaDB 10.0
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/upgrading-from-mariadb-55-to-mariadb-100/